![]() Some applications want the secret key to be formatted as a hex-encoded string: pyotp.random_hex() # returns a 40-character hex-encoded secret Google Authenticator and other OTP client apps allow you to store multiple OTP secrets and provision those using a QRĪ helper function is provided to generate a 32-character base32 secret, compatible with Google Authenticator and other.OTPs should always be used as a second factor of authentication (if your phone is lost, you account is still secured.OTPs can be generated on a phone without internet connectivity.OTPs involve a shared secret, stored both on the phone and the server.Quick overview of using One Time Passwords on your phone NIST SP 800-63-3: Digital Authentication Guideline for a high level overview ofĪuthentication best practices. We also recommend that implementers read the ![]() One implementation of FIDO U2F/WebAuthn is PyOTP's sister project, PyWARP. Of credentials to relying party IDs (application origin/domain names), U2F adds protection against phishing attacks. Hardware U2F also sequesters the client secret in aĭedicated single-purpose device, which strengthens your clients against client-side attacks. Strengthens your MFA solution against server-side attacks. U2F uses asymmetric cryptography to avoid using a shared secret design, which When implementing a "greenfield" application, consider supportingĪddition to or instead of HOTP/TOTP.Throttle (rate limit) brute-force attacks against your application's login functionality (see RFC 4226, section 7.3).Recently authenticated timestamp, OTP, or hash of the OTP in your database, and rejecting the OTP when a match is Deny replay attacks by rejecting one-time passwords that have been used by the client (this requires storing the most.Ensure HOTP/TOTP secret confidentiality by storing secrets in a controlled access database.Ensure transport confidentiality by using HTTPS.Minimum, application implementers should follow this checklist: Implementers should read and follow the HOTP security requirementsĪnd TOTP security considerations sections of the relevant RFCs. Users can set up auth tokens in their apps easily by using their phone camera to scan otpauth:// QR codes provided by PyOTP. Sending authentication codes to users over SMS or email (HOTP) or, for TOTP, by instructing users to use GoogleĬompatible app. PyOTP implements server-side support for both of these standards. Password Algorithm) and in RFC 6238 (TOTP: Time-Based One-Time PasswordĪlgorithm). Open MFA standards are defined in RFC 4226 (HOTP: An HMAC-Based One-Time Or multi-factor (MFA) authentication methods in web applications and in other systems that require users to log in. It can be used to implement two-factor (2FA) PyOTP is a Python library for generating and verifying one-time passwords. PyOTP - The Python One-Time Password Library
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